The ideology of a 'natural' market within large modern industrial 'economies' was the central project of the Neoliberal movement.
Neoliberalism (according to one economic historian, at least) was launched in Paris in August 1938. At a colloquium to discuss the work of Walter Lippmann. "It was a movement against planning as a method of concentrating and deploying expert knowledge. neoliberalism proposed an alternative ordering of knowledge, expertise, and political technology that it named “the market.”... Its political challenge to the Keynesian consensus got underway … with the founding of a think tank called the Institute of Economic Affairs in London in 1955..."
See: http://cmes.hmdc.harvard.edu/files/Mitchell%20Paper.pdf
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